Introduction: Vitamin A is required throughout the lifecycle.Vit A deficiency and Xerophthalmia occur throughout much of the developing world and are linked to undernourishment and complicated by illness. In developing countries, it is estimated that 5 lakh preschool children become blind every year owing to Vitamin A Deficiency and many of them will die because of increased vulnerability to infections, especially measles, diarrhea & pneumonia. In southern districts of Karnataka, including Shivamogga, the burden of malnutrition, respiratory infection, diarrhea, measles and post-measles infections are high leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Majority of the studies related with Vitamin A deficiency are mostly concerned with clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. However subclinical Vitamin A deficiency is often missed. The present study is aimed to detect subclinical Vitamin A deficiency in children at risk, so that supplementation of Vitamin A in early stage may bring down the burden of preventable morbidity and mortality.