Aim: The aim of the study to evaluate the incidence of thrombocytopenia in neonates. Material and methods: The Prospective observational study which was carried in the Department of Paediatrics, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Darbhanga Bihar, India for 0ne year. Total 100 patients who had Platelet count of less than 1,50,000/cu mm was taken for determining thrombocytopenia and Babies having significant birth asphyxia were included in this study. Results: The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in this study was 30.77%. Male preponderance was seen with 65% male babies admitted in NICU while female babies were about 35 %. About 45 cases (45%), showed Moderate Thrombocytopenia in neonates. 35 cases (35%) showed severe Thrombocytopenia in neonates. About 20 cases (20%) showed mild Thrombocytopenia in neonates. Early onset thrombocytopenia (<3days of age) was seen in 64% and late onset thrombocytopenia (3-28 days) in 36%. 69% of babies born during less than 36 weeks of gestation showed lower platelet count. Out of 69 cases born < 36 weeks, 18 cases with weight is < 1 kg and 51 cases with 1.5 -2.4 kg weight. Out of 31 cases born during gestational period 36- 38 weeks, 26 cases showed 2.5 kg and 5 cases 1.5 kg. 69% were preterm babies. Among 100 thrombocytopenic neonates, sepsis was observed in 64%. 32% of neonates had history of pregnancy induced hypertension in mothers. Conclusion: The neonatal thrombocytopenia incidence was 30.77%. There were more premature neonates of thrombocytopenia induced by sepsis.